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Across the Divide

Union Soldiers View the Northern Home Front
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Unionsoldiers left home in 1861 with expectations that the conflict would be short,the purpose of the war was clear, and public support back home was universal.As the war continued, however, Union soldiers began to perceive a greatdifference between what they expected and what was actually occurring. Theirfamily relationships were evolving, the purpose of the war was changing, andcivilians were questioning the leadership of the government and Army to thepoint of debating whether the war should continue at all. Separatedfrom Northern civilians by a series of literal and figurative divides, Unionsoldiers viewed the growing disparities between their own expectations andthose of their families at home with growing concern and alarm. Instead ofsupport for the war, an extensive and oft-violent anti-war movement emerged.Often at odds with those at home and with limited means of communication totheir homes at their disposal, soldiers used letters, newspaper editorials, andpolitical statements to influence the actions and beliefs of their homecommunities. When communication failed, soldiers sometimes took extremistpositions on the war, its conduct, and how civilian attitudes about theconflict should be shaped. In thisfirst study of the chasm between Union soldiers and northern civilians, Steven J.Ramold reveals the wide array of factors that prevented the Union Army and thecivilians on whose behalf they were fighting from becoming a united frontduring the Civil War. In Across theDivide, Ramold illustrates how the divided spheres of Civil War experiencecreated social and political conflict far removed from the better-knownbattlefields of the war.
Contents Acknowledgments ixIntroduction 11. "Such a Dirty Set of Creatures": The Divide between 7Union Soldiers and Civilians 2. "A Land of All Men and No Women": Soldiers and 33the Gender Divide 3. "This Is an Abolition War": Soldiers, Civilians, and 55the Purpose of War 4. "A Sin to Join the Army": The Debate over Conscription 875. "The Ranting of the Black-Hearted Villains": Soldiers 115and the Anti-War Movement 6. "The Sky of Our Political Horizon": Soldiers, Civilians, 143and the Reelection of Abraham Lincoln Epilogue 169Notes 173Bibliography 199Index 217About the Author 22
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