Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior 3/e

Dr. Adam Prus is a professor and head of psychology at Northern Michigan University in Marquette, Michigan. He earned his PhD in psychology from Virginia Commonwealth University and a master's degree in psychology from Western Michigan University. While in graduate school, Prus also worked as a research technician at a large pharmaceutical company, where he screened central nervous system drugs using various biological assays. After earning his PhD, Dr. Prus investigated experimental antipsychotic drugs as a postdoctoral fellow in the Psychopharmacology Division of the Department of Psychiatry at Vanderbilt University. Dr. Prus has published numerous original studies on psychoactive drugs, including studies funded by the National Institute on Mental Illness and private foundations. At NMU, he directs the Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, where he enjoys mentoring undergraduate and graduate students and spends too much time fixing lab equipment. When he is not teaching, training students, writing books or conducting research, Dr. Prus spends time with his wife and two children, and together they enjoy outdoor activities in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, where NMU is located.

Preface Acknowledgments About the Author Chapter 1. Introduction to Psychopharmacology Psychopharmacology Why Read a Book on Psychopharmacology? What Is a Drug? Psychoactive Drugs Are Described by Manner of Use Generic, Brand, Chemical, and Street Names for Drugs Drug Effects Correspond With Doses Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacogenetics Objective and Subjective Effects of Psychoactive Drugs Study Designs and the Assessment of Psychoactive Drugs Validity and the Interpretation of Study Findings Ethical Considerations in Research From Actions to Effects: Therapeutic Drug Development Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 2. The Nervous System Cells in the Nervous System The Nervous System Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrospinal Fluid Genes and the Physiological Processes of Cells From Actions to Effects: Advances in Therapeutic Use of CRISPR Genetic Technology Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 3. Neurotransmission Electrical Events Within a Neuron and the Release of Neurotransmitters Electrical Potentials Along Axons Propagation of Action Potentials Down Axons Neurotransmitters: Signalling Molecules for Neuronal Communication Neurotransmitters and Receptors Types of Neurotransmitters Other Types of Chemical Transmission in the Nervous System From Actions to Effects: Probiotics and Mental Health Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 4. Properties of Drugs Pharmacokinetic Properties of Drugs Pharmacodynamic Properties of Drugs Psychoactive Drugs and Receptors Adaptations to Chronic Drug Use From Actions to Effects: Environmental Neurotoxicology Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 5. Drugs of Abuse Regulatory Agencies and Drug Classification Clinical Definitions and the Diagnosis of Drug Addiction Theoretical Models and the Features of Drug Addiction Drugs of Abuse and Reward Circuitry Chronic Use of Abused Substances and Changes to Learning and Memory Systems Neurobiology and the Stages of Drug Addiction Mortality and Drug Addiction Psychological and Pharmacological Therapies for Treating Drug Addiction From Actions to Effects: Food Addiction Chapter Summary Key Terms A Final Note About Drug Addiction Chapter 6. Psychostimulants Psychostimulants: Herbal Products, Prescription Drugs, and Substances of Abuse Pharmacokinetics of Psychostimulants Psychostimulants and Monoamine Neurotransmitters Pharmacological Effects of Psychostimulants From Actions to Effects: Psychostimulants as Cognitive Enhancers and Treatments for ADHD Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 7. Nicotine and Caffeine Nicotine and Tobacco History of Tobacco Pharmacokinetic Properties of Tobacco Nicotine and Nervous System Functioning Nicotine's Pharmacological Effects Environmental, Genetic, and Receptor Differences Between Light and Heavy Tobacco Users From Actions to Effects: Why People Smoke and How They Quit Caffeine Caffeine Absorption, Duration, and Interaction With Other Psychoactive Drugs Caffeine: Antagonist for Adenosine Receptors Caffeine: Mild Psychostimulant Effects Tolerance and Withdrawal During Sustained Caffeine Use From Actions to Effects: Caffeine Habit? Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 8. Depressants Types of Depressant Substances Depressants and GABA Neurotransmission Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Z-Drugs Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Inhalants From Actions to Effects: Stimulus Properties of GHB and Toluene Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 9. Alcohol Alcohol: The Most Commonly Used Depressant Substance Alcohol Production Through Fermentation and Distillation History of Alcohol Pharmacokinetic Factors and Alcohol's Effects Alcohol and Interactions With Other Drugs Alcohol and Central Nervous System Functioning Pharmacological Effects of Alcohol Treating Alcohol Addiction From Actions to Effects: Hangover Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 10. Opioids Opioids: Natural and Synthetic History of Opioid Use Pharmacokinetic Properties and Opioid Abuse Opioid Drugs and the Endogenous Opioid System Opioid Drugs Are Classified by Receptor Actions Opioids and Reward, Pain, and Stress Systems Opioid Rewarding and Analgesic Effects From Actions to Effects: Pharmacological Approaches for Treating Opioid Addiction Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 11. Cannabinoids Historical Use of Cannabis Methods of Cannabis Preparation and Use Cannabinoid Compounds and the Endocannabinoid System Physiological Effects of Cannabinoids Behavioral and Cognitive Effects of Cannabinoids Subjective Effects of Cannabinoids Cannabis Use Disorder Health Risks of Cannabis From Actions to Effects: Medical Use of Cannabinoids Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 12. Psychedelic Drugs Hallucinogens Mixed Stimulant-Psychedelic Drugs Dissociative Anesthetics Other Psychedelic Drugs From Actions to Effects: Synesthesia Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 13. Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder Mental Disorders Depression Antidepressant Drugs Limitations in Antidepressant Drug Effectiveness and Development Pharmacogenetic Factors in Antidepressant Treatment Combination Drug Strategies for Treating Depression Combining Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy for Treating Depression Antidepressant Drugs and Monoamine Neurotransmitter Systems Bipolar Disorder Mood Stabilizers, Anticonvulsants, Antipsychotics, and Antidepressants for Bipolar Disorder From Actions to Effects: Psychedelic Drugs for Treating Depression Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 14. Treatments for Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders Structures Involved in Fear and Anxiety Anxious Feelings, the Amygdala, and the Sympathetic Nervous System Stress and the HPA Axis Anxiolytic Drugs for the Treatment of Anxiety Antidepressant Drugs for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders MDMA Treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder From Actions to Effects: How Do Antidepressant Drugs Reduce Anxiety? Chapter Summary Key Terms Chapter 15. Antipsychotic Drugs Schizophrenia Schizophrenia's Complex Neurobiological Profile A Brief History of Schizophrenia and Its Treatment Neurotransmission Hypotheses for Schizophrenia Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs Antipsychotic Drugs and Autism From Actions to Effects: Antipsychotic Drug Actions and Neurotransmission in Schizophrenia Chapter Summary Key Terms Glossary References Author Index Subject Index

"This textbook is an excellent source for students to learn about pharmacology and explore their interests on a deeper level with the provided research articles." -- Mansi A. Shah "The images used for laboratory protocols are excellent. They allow students to learn about them in an easy-to-understand way." -- Elizabeth Caldwell