Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can negatively influence development. However, the lifelong effects of positive childhood experiences (PACEs) can mitigate the detrimental effects of adverse ones. By integrating existing knowledge about (ACEs) with developmental research on preventing, buffering, and treating the effects of adversity, stress, and trauma on child development and subsequent health and functioning, this book identifies the most important of these (PACEs). It provides an interdisciplinary lens from which to view the multiple types of effects of enduring childhood experiences, and recommends evidence-based approaches for protecting children and repairing the enduring negative consequences of (ACEs) they face as adults. Students, researchers, clinicians, and health-care providers can use this research to understand the science of early life adversity, lifelong resilience, and related intervention and prevention programming to help those suffering from the lifelong effects of (ACEs). Chapters include many figures, graphs, diagrams, stories, and activities that aim to help readers apply the science to everyday life.
Acknowledgements Preface - The Hole in the Bridge Chapter 1. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study ACEs Studies in Other Populations ACEs in Children and Adolescents Defining Adverse Childhood Experiences Knowing One's ACE Score Chapter 2: Protective and Compensatory Experiences (PACEs): The Antidote to ACEs PACEs: Relationships and Resources PACEs Foundational Theories and Research Our Research on PACEs Knowing One's PACE Score Part II - How Early Experience Influences the Body, Brain, and Behavior Chapter 3. Effects of Early Life Adversity on Neurobiological Development Models of Biobehavioral Responses to Childhood Adversity Epigenetics and Childhood Adversity The Effects of Childhood Adversity on Brain Structure and Function Putting it all Together: The ICARE Model Chapter 4. The Intergenerational Transmission of ACEs and PACEs Psychosocial Transmission of Adversity and Resilience Neurobiological Transmission of Parenting Neurobiological Transmission of Adversity and Resilience Conclusions and Activity: ACEs and PACEs Genograms Part III. Breaking the Cycle of ACEs and Increasing PACEs Chapter 5. Repairing the Effects of ACEs in Adulthood ACE-Based Science as a Foundation for Interventions Protective and Compensatory Experiences (PACEs) for Adults Conclusions and Activity: Creating an Adult PACEs Plan Chapter 6. Promoting Positive Development in Children with ACEs PACEs for Children PACEs for Adolescents Enhancing Neurobiological Regulation Fostering Positive Caregiver-Child Relationships Systems Level Programs Conclusions and Activity: Creating a Child PACEs Plan Chapter 7. ACEs and PACEs and Communities The Historical and Social Context of ACEs Trauma-Informed Practices Community Coalitions Focused on ACEs and Resilience Policy Change and Legislation Adverse Community Environments and Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Pair of ACEs Chapter 8: Putting It All Together: Summary and Solutions What We Have Learned Solutions - What to Do Next Finding A Life Raft References Resources Appendix: Questions for Reflection Acknowledgements
