This fully updated second edition presents theory, research, and practice guidelines for short-term, evidence-based individual treatment for adults experiencing the effects of complex relational trauma. Clients with complex trauma often suffer long-term challenges as a result of repeated exposure to violence and betrayals of trust, frequently in relationships with attachment figures in the form of child abuse and neglect. Emotion-focused therapy for trauma is well-suited to address these difficulties.
Sandra C. Paivio, PhD, CPsych, maintains a private practice in Toronto, Canada, provides individual psychotherapy and clinical training at the York University Psychology Clinic, and is professor emeritus in the Psychology Department at the University of Windsor. She is one of the developers of emotion-focused therapy, particularly applied to complex trauma (EFTT), has conducted clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and processes of change in EFTT, and is author of numerous publications on trauma and psychotherapy. Dr. Paivio received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Trauma Section of the Canadian Psychological Association (2014) for her contributions to research and training in treatment for complex trauma. Antonio Pascual-Leone, PhD, CPsych, is a professor in psychology at the University of Windsor, Canada, where he is director of the Emotion Change Lab, and is honorary professor of psychiatry at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. He has published seminal contributions to theory and research of emotion-focused therapy and is regarded as a world expert in emotional processing. He coauthored the first edition of this book with Sandra Paivio and is writing a trans-theoretical book on changing emotion. His work is recognized by career awards from international societies as well as distinguished publication awards. He runs a private practice seeing individuals and couples.
Acknowledgements Introduction to EFTT: Development, Defining Features, Strengths, and Contributions I. Theory Chapter 1. Trauma and its Effects Definition of Trauma Types of Traumatic Events Prevalence and Risk Factors Effects of Trauma Implications for Treatment Chapter 2. The EFTT Treatment Model Theoretical Foundations Distinguishing Features of EFTT Distinctions Between EFTT and the General Model of Emotion-Focused Therapy The Treatment Model Chapter 3. Working with Emotion Review of Emotion Theory Underlying EFTT Change Processes: Emotional Processing in EFTT Model of Change and Phases Of EFTT II. Practice Early Phase of Therapy Chapter 4. Cultivating the Alliance Intervention Principles for Developing a Productive Alliance Goals of Alliance Formation in Phase 1 Of EFTT Conducting the First Three Sessions Alliance Difficulties Chapter 5. Promoting Experiencing Features of Experiencing EFTT Compared With Other Perspectives on Experiencing Experiencing Compared to Other Constructs Measurement of Experiencing Research on Experiencing in Therapy The Process of Deepening Experiencing Step-By-Step Guidelines for Structured Focusing Procedure Difficulties With Experiencing Chapter 6. The Imaginal Confrontation Procedure Imaginal Confrontation of Perpetrators Intervention Principles The Process of Engagement in Imaginal Confrontation Steps in the Imaginal Confrontaion Procedure and Corresponding Therapist Operations Relationship Development in the Initial Imaginal Confrontation "Evocative Exploration" as an Alternative to Imaginal Confrontation Client Difficulties With the Initial Imaginal Confrontation Middle Phase of Therapy Chapter 7. Memory Work in EFTT Theory Different Approaches to Memory Work Goals and Processes of Memory Work In EFTT Practice Guidelines for EFTT Memory Work Memory Work When Memories are Shallow Memories Are Warded Off Memories of Self as Defective or Damaged Summary, Considerations, and Cautions Chapter 8. Reducing Fear, Anxiety, and Avoidance of Internal Experience Perspectives on Fear, Anxiety, and Avoidance: EFTT Compared With Other Approaches Process Diagnosis: Distinguishing Different Types of Fear and Anxiety Change Processes and Goals Interventions for Managing Anxiety and Fear Helping Clients Allow Primary Emotional Experience Chapter 9. Transforming Guilt, Shame, and Self-Blame Perspectives on Guilt and Shame: EFTT Compared With Other Approaches Process Diagnosis: Distinguishing Different Types of Shame Experience Change Processes and Goals Intervention Principles Relevant to Shame Interventions for Reducing Secondary Shame Intervention for Primary Adaptive Shame About Violating One's Own Personal Standards Intervention for Transforming Primary Maladaptive Shame Compassionate Self-Soothing Difficulties When Working With Fear and Shame Late Phase of Therapy Chapter 10. Resolution of Interpersonal Trauma Through Adaptive Anger Review of Theory and Research on the Resolution of Interpersonal Trauma Anger and Trauma Across Theoretical Perspectives Process Diagnosis: Distinguishing Different Types of Anger Intervention Principles Interventions for Changing Maladaptive Anger Intervention for Promoting Primary Adaptive Anger Chapter 11. Resolution of Interpersonal Trauma Through Sadness and Grief Traumatic Grief Across Theoretical Perspectives Process Diagnosis: Distinguishing Different Types of Sadness Change Processes and Goals Intervention Principles for Promoting Adaptive Sadness Interventions for Promoting Sadness and Grieving Losses Intervention for Other Types of Sadness Chapter 12. Termination Completion and Consolidation of Changes Awareness and Acceptance of Limited Change Sharing Mutual Feedback Difficulties With Resolution Difficulties With Therapy Termination Bridge to The Future Afterword Appendix A: Short Form of the Client Experiencing Scale Appendix B: Short Form of the Working Alliance Inventory Appendix C: The Degree of Resolution Scale (Short Form) Appendix D: Yoga Therapy as Complement to EFTT: Integrating Body-Based Intervention References Index About the Authors
