For decades, US military operations have been contaminating the Pacific region with toxic substances, including plutonium, dioxin, and VX nerve agent. Hundreds of thousands of service members, their families, and residents have been exposed-but the United States has hidden the damage and refused to help victims. After World War II, the United States granted immunity to Japanese military scientists in exchange for their data on biological weapons tests conducted in China; in the following years, nuclear detonations in the Pacific obliterated entire islands and exposed Americans, Marshallese, Chamorros, and Japanese fishing crews to radioactive fallout. At the same time, the United States experimented with biological weapons on Okinawa and stockpiled the island with nuclear and chemical munitions, causing numerous accidents. Meanwhile, the CIA orchestrated a campaign to introduce nuclear power to Japan-the folly of which became horrifyingly clear in the 2011 meltdowns in Fukushima Prefecture. Caught in a geopolitical grey zone, US territories have been among the worst affected by military contamination, including Guam, Saipan, and Johnston Island, the final disposal site of apocalyptic volumes of chemical weapons and Agent Orange. Accompanying this damage, US authorities have waged a campaign of cover-ups, lies, and attacks on the media, which the author has experienced firsthand in the form of military surveillance and attempts by the State Department to impede his work. Now, for the first time, this explosive book reveals the horrific extent of contamination in the Pacific and the lengths the Pentagon will go to conceal it.
Jon Mitchell is an investigative journalist with the Okinawa Times and winner of the 2015 Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan's lifetime achievement award for press freedom. His work has featured in reports for the US Congress and Japanese parliament; it has also helped US veterans exposed to contamination in Japan to win compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs. US authorities-including the State Department and Department of Defense-have repeatedly attempted to block Mitchell's work, prompting condemnation from international press freedom groups. He lives in Japan. John W. Dower is the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II.
Author's Note Foreword by John W. Dower Introduction 1 Japanese Weapons of Mass Destruction and the US Cover-up 2 Nuclear Warfare in Japan and the Marshall Islands 3 Okinawa: "The Junk Heap of the Pacific" 4 Military Herbicides, Vietnam, and Okinawa 5 Polluting with Impunity 6 Okinawa: Paradise Lost Timeline: Environmental Contamination and Accidents on Okinawa (1947-2019) 7 Japan: Contamination, Nuclear Deals, and the Fukushima Meltdowns 8 Toxic Territories: Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Johnston Atoll 9 Toward Environmental Justice Appendix: Contaminants Notes Bibliography Acknowledgments Index About the Author
In this devastating expose, investigative journalist Jon Mitchell reveals the shocking toxic contamination of the Pacific Ocean and millions of victims by the US military.
Mitchell's advocacy for human and environmental justice pushes for sweeping change as he offers up a blueprint of hope in the last chapter and a call to action boldly addressed to the American government. . . . Mitchell catalogues in detail the present-day victims of the poisoned Pacific: indigenous residents of Okinawa and various Pacific islands, forced to help clean up chemical spills, drink contaminated water, and deal with ruined soil and rampant disease; the waters of the Pacific Ocean itself, containing thousands of liters of leaking contaminated barrels; the unprotected American military personnel and their families stationed in Japan and exposed to dangerous chemicals that cause birth defects and cancer. * Japan Times * In 'Poisoning the Pacific,' investigative journalist Jon Mitchell offers a deeply reported and impressively complete look at the environmental damage done by the U.S. military in the Pacific since World War II. Many readers will already be familiar with the legacy of nuclear testing in the Pacific, and Mitchell goes beyond those nuclear tests to include the long-term effects of chemical and biological weapons tests conducted on and near U.S. territories and military installations. Mitchell painstakingly reviewed thousands of pages of official documents obtained through public records requests, and interviewed survivors, service members, whistleblowers and Indigenous leaders. Together, their stories paint a picture of an indifferent superpower, willing to endanger the lives and health of hundreds of thousands of people in order to gain an upper hand in geopolitics. Mitchell also connects the environmental crimes of the past to environmental destruction in the present. Current servicemembers and their families, as well as those who live near U.S. military bases, will see themselves in chapters about contemporary water contamination that is still occurring on the mainland and on U.S. territories such as Guam. Ultimately, this book promises to frustrate official attempts to cover up or whitewash the environmental impacts of America's military history, and open the eyes of the public. (From SEJ's 2021 Rachel Carson Environment Book Award, Second Place judges' comments) * Society of Environmental Journalists * Jon Mitchell, a British investigative journalist in Japan, cuts an assured path through decades of disinformation, dissembling and spin to bring the abject evil of each military atrocity and its consequences into the full glare of the light. The result is devastating: a litany of war crimes, leaks of radiation and biochemical weapons, inept clean-ups, poisonings and cover-ups.... Mitchell distills a decade of research into an intense and compelling account, drawing on over 10,000 pages grudgingly released by the US military, CIA and State Department through the Freedom of Information Act, and countless interviews with whistleblowers, base-workers and victims. * Review 31 * Poisoning the Pacific by Jon Mitchell is an eye-opening addition to the annals of American military history. Chronicling a dark and unsettling history of pollution, Mitchell provides a definitive account of how the U.S. military has endangered the health and safety of millions of people across the Pacific region. A journalist based in Japan, Mitchell has spent years amassing records through the Freedom of Information Act about the contamination at military bases in Japan, Guam, the Marshall Islands, and other places in the Pacific. Poisoning the Pacific will therefore appeal to those readers interested in military and environmental history, international relations, defense policy, and the Asia-Pacific region in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. * The Journal Of Military History * The US military and the US Defense Department have the maddening habit of reflexively refusing to acknowledge almost anything that could possibly be construed as making them look bad. One of the consequences of this habit of denial is that the military's right hand rarely knows much about what its left hand is up to. Rather than admit this ignorance, however, military leadership insists that the armed forces are entirely honourable and that they are therefore incapable of doing anything nefarious. It takes books like this to thrust these dirty deeds out into the open. * Pacific Affairs * This is an exquisitely researched book. Its comprehensive analysis is based on hard evidence, much of which is contained in US records. It reveals that when accidents with pollutants occurred, there were few lessons learned and little attempt made to train military personnel to handle these chemicals with safety to themselves and the environment.... Michell's credentials and honors attest to his expertise with a plethora of sources, including Japanese records. His endnotes are full and relevant. This is a convincing study of war damage-but more so, the real environmental and human costs of "eternal vigilance" in maintaining the US war machine. I have taught several courses on the environmental history of the Paci?c, and I wish this book had been available at that time. It adds much to the understanding of the way governments can work when they take their eyes off their own and other people and simply see the world though the crosshairs of the gun. * The Journal of Asian Studies * The record of criminality, deceit, evasion of responsibility, and disdain for the fate of victims laid forth in this devastating account is difficult to believe. It is an eloquent call to bring this tragedy to an end without delay. -- Noam Chomsky Poisoning the Pacific is an enormously valuable book. Jon Mitchell's expertise on US military operations across Japan and on the US military's contamination of Okinawa, where he ably guided us both during a recent visit, is unparalleled. Much of what he exposes here is truly shocking, and we expect most readers will share our outrage over what he reveals. With a vibrant and compelling style, Mitchell has written an eye-opening critique of America's role in the Pacific world, the place where the great battles of the twenty-first century are already being waged, won, and lost. -- Oliver Stone and Peter Kuznick, coauthors of The Untold History of the United States As the international security situation is worsening and nuclear-armed states are once again threatening to use nuclear weapons, Poisoning the Pacific contains incredibly important research and stories of the humanitarian and environmental impact of weapons. This book sends a powerful message that far from protecting us, nuclear weapons and other weapons are causing enormous harm to people and the environment. -- Beatrice Fihn, International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, 2017 Nobel Peace Prize winner Poisoning the Pacific is a must-read for anyone concerned about US military veterans and the impact of US wars on civilians. From World War II through the present, we've bombed and poisoned ourselves and innocent civilians on the island of Okinawa, as well as other Pacific islands. Through diligent reporting and heroic research in never-before-revealed documents, journalist Jon Mitchell exposes numerous lies and coverups by the US military. His book is a siren call to help veterans-and to finally give Okinawa back to the Okinawans. -- Dale Maharidge, author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning And Their Children After Them Poisoning the Pacific is an unprecedented, comprehensive expose of the human and environmental damage caused by nearly a century of US warmaking, weapons testing, training, and daily military activity in East Asia, the United States, and its colonies/territories. Jon Mitchell's exhaustive research provides a tremendous resource for the thousands, perhaps millions, of victims harmed by a vast array of chemical, biological, and nuclear poisons, as well as for all who believe we must expose and repair the harm inflicted (and often covered up) in the name of supposed security. -- David Vine, American University; author of Base Nation: How U.S. Military Bases Abroad Harm America Poisoning the Pacific is a meticulous inventory of the grievous harm that nuclear tests and the deployment, storage, and disposal of hazardous materials have wreaked on land and ocean areas. But the analysis goes beyond this. The tests and bases have displaced local residents and caused illness and even deaths among them. Mitchell places this in the context of crimes against humanity and crimes against human rights, and notes that decades of callous and careless military activity have also harmed American servicemen involved in carrying out toxic activities, as well as their wives and children living on bases where contamination has taken place. (From the introduction) -- John W. Dower, Author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning Embracing Defeat
