Between 1999 and 2008, a team of experts and specialists worked together at Tell el-Borg, a site in north Sinai, in the delta region of Egypt. This volume comprises the first report on the site. Tell el-Borg, as it turned out, was composed of four significant areas: the military zone where two forts were found (Fields IV, V, and VIII), the public space (Field II), the domestic area (Field VI), and the cemeteries (Field III and VII). The focus of this first of two volumes is as follows: the historical and archaeological setting of north Sinai, the east frontier military area commonly known as the Ways of Horus (Chapter 2); the paleo-environmental setting of Tell el-Borg and its environs (Chapter 3); the introduction to Tell el-Borg and the initial discoveries (Chapter 4). The two forts and the related discoveries are treated in detail (Chapters 5 and 6), followed by the magnetometer survey conducted in 2006 and 2007, which demonstrated that we had nearly exhausted the site’s potential (Chapter 7). The pottery finds from all fields are treated here by ceramic specialists: Egyptian pottery (Rexine Hummel, Chapter 8), Levantine wares (Catherine Duff, Chapter 9), Cypriote imports (Stuart Swiny, Chapter 10), and some ceramic specialty studies (Chapter 11). Last, a study of the weaponry discovered from the fort is offered (Chapter 12). The second volume will appear in the next few years.
Preface
Abbreviations
Chapter 1. Introduction to the Work at Tell el-Borg James K. Hoffmeier
Chapter 2. “The Ways of Horus”: Reconstructing Egypt’s East Frontier Defense Network and the Military Road to Canaan in New Kingdom Times James K. Hoffmeier and Stephen O. Moshier
Chapter 3. The Geological Setting of Tell el-Borg with Implications for Ancient Geography of Northwest Sinai Stephen O. Moshier
Chapter 4. Field I and Miscellaneous Inscriptions James K. Hoffmeier and Kenneth A. Kitchen
Chapter 5. The Fortification Area James K. Hoffmeier, James E. Knudstad, Rosa A. Frey, Ronald D. Bull, and Gregory D. Mumford
Chapter 6. The Ramesside Period Fort James K. Hoffmeier, James E. Knudstad, Rosa Frey, Gregory Mumford, and Kenneth A. Kitchen
Chapter 7. Results of the Magnetic Survey at Tell el-Borg, North Sinai, March 2006 and 2007 Thomasz Herbich
Chapter 8. A Report on the Ceramics Recovered from Tell El-Borg Rexine Hummel
Chapter 9. Levantine-Egyptian Interconnections at Tell el-Borg, North Sinai Catherine A. Duff
Chapter 10. The Cypriot Pottery Stuart Swiny
Chapter 11. Ceramic Miscellanies
I. Preliminary Report on the Mycenaean Pottery Rexine Hummel
II. Tell el-Borg Pottery Volumes Gregory D. Mumford
III. Red-Painted Nefer () Jars: The Example from Tell el-Borg Lyla Pinch-Brock
Chapter 12. Metal Weapons
The Spear/Lance (TBO 0177) and Sword (TBO 0395) from Field IV Mike Neska
The Short Sword (Dirk) (TBO 0395) from Field IV Mike Neska
Arrowheads and Javelin Found at Tell el-Borg David Falk
