Tsunamis are infrequent but terrifying hazards for coastal communities. Difficult to predict, they materialise with little warning, claiming thousands of lives and causing billions of dollars in damage. Recent mega-tsunamis in Japan and Indonesia claimed close to 250,000 lives, triggering wide-scale economic and social disruption. Developing countries cannot afford costly underwater cable systems, and governments and relief organisations have been forced to rely on flawed warning systems such as deep-sea buoys. Now, a ground-breaking new approach to tsunami detection and warning, which relies on low-cost underwater sensors and networks of smartphone communication, has changed the equation. Developed by an international, interdisciplinary team of researchers, this approach allows at-risk coastal communities to have an economically viable, scientifically sound means to protect themselves. Coeditors Louise K. Comfort and Harkunti P. Rahayu, accomplished experts in disaster preparedness, contend that it will give communities precious additional minutes to communicate warnings about imminent tsunamis to residents, potentially saving many lives. Chapters authored by a close group of collaborators present the science behind this new approach, describing conceptual design, computational models, and real-time testing of a prototype system in the warm equatorial waters of Indonesia's Mentawai Sea. Introductory chapters explain the sociotechnical approach - how undersea sensors can transmit data to a network of electronic devices on land to alert residents to impending tsunami threats in near-real time. Subsequent chapters explore what this might look like: assessing communities at risk; designing interactive information systems for communication during an emergency; designing wireless networks for smartphone communication that can guide residents to safety; and designing community-based shelters. The book concludes with a thoughtful analysis of how these sociotechnical advances might be used for all coastal cities at risk of tsunamis, sea-level rise, storm surges, and other hazards. Hazardous Seas is an invaluable guide for policy makers and international NGOs looking to save lives from tsunamis and mitigate crippling damage to communities, and provides a comprehensive overview of tsunami detection and warning for students of engineering, computer science, planning, policy, and economic and environmental analysis.
Louise K. Comfort is professor and former director of the Center for Disaster Management, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh. She is principal investigator of a National Science Foundation project to deploy and test an early tsunami detection and warning system. She is a Fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration. Harkunti P. Rahayu is a professor in the Urban and Regional Planning Department, School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy and Development at the Institute of Technology of Bandung. She serves as chair of the UNESCO Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System Working Group on Tsunami Risk, Community Awareness and Preparedness.
Foreword Preface 1. Building Community Resilience to Disaster Risk: A Sociotechnical Approach Louise K. Comfort and Mark W. Dunn 2. Community Networks for Tsunami Early Warning Harkunti P. Rahayu and Louise K. Comfort 3. A Reliable, Timely Communication Application to Enhance Tsunami Preparedness Fuli Ai, X. Xerandy, Taieb Znati, Louise K. Comfort, and Febrin Anas Ismail 4. Device-to-Device Communication: A Scalable, Socially Aware, Land-Based Infrastructure to Support Community Resilience in Disaster Events X. Xerandy, Fuli Ai, Taieb Znati, Louise K. Comfort, and Febrin Anas Ismail 5. Community-based Shelters: Design, Construction and Implementation Febrin Anas Ismail and Abdul Hakam 6. Enabling Adaptive Collective Action for Communities at Risk: Responding to Tsunami Risk in Padang City, Indonesia Yoon Ah Shin, Louise K. Comfort, Fuli Ai, and Febrin Anas Ismail 7. Wireless Networks for Disaster-Degraded Contexts: Tsunami Evacuation in Padang, Indonesia Fuli Ai, X. Xerandy, Echhit Joshi, Taieb Znati, and Febrin Anas Ismail 8. Real-time Seafloor Tsunami Detection and Acoustic Communications Lee Freitag, Keenan Ball, Peter Koski, James Partan, Sandipa Singh, Dennis Giaya, and Kayleah Griffen 9. A Prototype Ocean-bottom Pressure Sensor Deployed in the Mentawai Channel, Central Sumatra, Indonesia: Preliminary Results Emile A. Okal and Lee Freitag 10. Underwater Sensor Network Prototype for Tsunami Detection and Warning: A Long Deployment Journey toward Functionality X. Xerandy, Iyan Turyana, Lee Freitag, Wahyu Pandoe, Harkunti P. Rahayu, and Febrin Anas Ismail 11. Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System: Initiation, Evolution, and Implementation Harkunti P. Rahayu 12. Creating a Sustainable Learning System in Regions of Risk Louise K. Comfort, Wahyu W. Pandoe, and Harkunti P. Rahayu Afterword Acknowledgments About the Editors Contributors Index
